Aptamer-based hybrid nanomaterials for food safety assay

Given the high prevalence of acute and chronic diseases caused by unhealthy foodconsumption, design and development of accurate and sensitive sensors for the detection of foodcontaminates is importance. The appearance of nanotechnology and nanomolecular detection mathodsbased on aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles has made it possible to identify the lowest concentrationof risk factors in food at point. In this study we described an over review on the different types ofnanostructures used in the design of detection biosensors in the field of food safety assay. Nanostructuresand nanomaterials are the most important candidates for improving the sensitivity and LOD (Limit ofDetection) properties of biosensors due to their unique characteristics such as high surface-to-volumeratio and physicochemical and optical properties. Nanomaterials with high surface-to-volume ratio willprovide a large surface area for the loading of specific recognition element and will also have goodmolecular interaction with target molecules. Also, by using the optical and physicochemical propertiesof nanomaterials, these structures can amplify the optical and electrochemical signals generated inbiosensors that result from the interaction between the target molecule and its specific recognitionelement. Given that the design and development of high-precision and sensitive diagnostic biosensorsis crucial for identifying biomarkers, and various studies have shown that the use of nanostructuresdue to their structural and physical properties can play an important role in improving the biosensorproperties.