An Inquiry into the Art of Allegory and Its Types in Shafi'i Kadkani Poems

Allegory, which is one of the indirect ways of expressing the meanings and thoughts of the poet, makes speech more artistic and speech more effective. Due to the importance of this issue, rhetoricians have presented different opinions and comments in rhetorical and expressive books in defining and interpreting it. Symbols and allegories, however, have been common in classical Persian literature, especially mystical literature; But modern contemporary poets have paid more and more attention to it, so that the current of symbolism is known as the richest branch of contemporary poetry. Shafi'i Kadkani is one of the contemporary poets who has used many allegories in his poems with a social and human approach. In this research, the author seeks to study and explain the place of allegory in Shafi'i Kadkani poetry and his symbolic method in a descriptive-analytical and library method and to answer the question of what is the structure of Shafi'i Kodkani allegories? From the study of Shafiee's poems, it results that Shafi'i, using descriptive narration in the structure of his allegories and using short and coherent images instead of choosing long and cropped images, has pursued a personal style and has tended more to symbolic allegory. Among the allegories used in his poetry, the manifestations of nature and descriptive narration have the highest frequency.