The normative values ​​of political Islam and the challenge of the normative development of the Westphalian system in Southwest Asia

The spread of the norm of national sovereignty from Western Europe and its consequences has led to the formation of modern national governments and the emergence of a regional system in Southwest Asia. The formation and development of the norm of national sovereignty in Western Europe has been one of the forces that has played a role in the formation of modern national governments as a kind of organization of human political life. In such a way that the subjects of different national sovereignty were defined as citizens and outside it as foreigners, and the responsibility of separate national sovereignty was limited to the subjects. The expansion of the norm of national sovereignty on a global scale led to the redefinition of premodern political organizations in the form of nation-states, according to which the Ottoman Caliphate as a premodern formation disintegrated into modern national governments, resulting in a regional international system in the south. West Asia evolved in which the pattern of behavior is based on the self-help of independent ruling governments,