Identification of red, blue and golden pigments in Qajar Mural Painting anaclitic fire place in Goharion House in Tabriz

The aim of this this study is to identify the pigments of mural painting remains on a historical fireplace related to the Qajar era in Goharion house, Tabriz. After sampling the blue, red and golden pigments of different parts of the mural, SEM-EDS to identifying the elements in the samples structure, micro Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, for investigation of structural properties, and PLM, for investigation of the optical properties of the samples in both PPL and XPL, were used. The results showed that a mixture of red lead, orpiment and white lead was used to paint flowers with red tones. There are also spots of red lead on the edge of the mural. The blue pigment was ultramarine (synthetic) and a combination of this pigment and gypsum was used in sky blue. The golden color analysis showed the use of gold and copper alloy in the form of sheets. This color is in the inscription part along with the formation of copper degradation products, in the form of carboxylate