Investigating the Effect of Different Planting Methods and Different Levels of Hormone Distribution on Vascular Tissue of Flag Leaf in Rice Genotypes under Salinity Stress in Northern Khuzestan

This crop has been cultivated in the large parts of the world as one of the most important crops and it is the food crops for more than half of the world’s people (Park et al., 2014). Anatomical features have a significant impact on ecological behaviors, environmental needs and adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. The use of anatomical features of plants in taxonomy dates back to about a century ago (Gilani et al., 2017). Environmental changes such as salinity that reduce the amount of water entering the plant reduces the level of vascular bundles such as woody vessels as a defense mechanism to maintain the plant's water potential (Ghorbani et al., 2011). The aim is to achieve a desirable level of production due to the change in anatomical traits under the influence of genotype treatments, culture methods and hormones and the interactions between them in rice under salinity stress.

This study was performed by split-split plots using randomized complete block design with three replications in Khuzestan province with the aim of determining the best Planting pattern and Hormone Treatment of rice cultivation in two years (2018 and 2019). Three planting pattern (planting drying, planting seedlings, planting direct or common), 16 Hormone Treatment (Control, priming with IAA, priming with SA, priming with SA + IAA, 1 liter IAA in tillering stage, 2 liters IAA in tillering stage, 1 liter SA in tillering stage, 2 liters SA in tillering stage, 2 liters SA + IAA in tillering stage, 4 liters SA + IAA in tillering stage, 1 liter IAA in appearance of panicle, 2 liters IAA in appearance of panicle, 1 liter SA in appearance of panicle, 2 liters SA in appearance of panicle, 2 liters SA + IAA in appearance of panicle and 4 liters SA + IAA in appearance of panicle) on different rice genotypes (on the anatomical features of the surface and the number of vascular bundles of xylem, phloem and air channel) were investigated.

The combined analysis results showed that in addition to the interaction effect of planting method in hormone traits, there was a significant difference (p<0.01). The highest level of vascular groups in seedling cultivation was obtained due to optimal management and priming with auxin and salicylic acid due to the greatest effect on the plant. The highest level of air channel with an average of 290.142 micrometers was obtained in the direct cultivation method with four liters of auxin and salicylic acid with combined per hectare with a concentration of 20 mg/l in the stage of beginning of panicle outbreak and N22 cultivar, which can have a negative effect on vegetative and reproductive growth by increasing header energy. The highest level of phloem and xylem vessel handles was obtained in planting and priming planting conditions with auxin and salicylic acid with an average of 1630.432 and 1061.906 square micrometers in red amber genotypes and N22, which can be increased by increasing the level of water and food transfer Have a positive effect on increasing the vegetative and reproductive growth of rice plant.

The obtained results can be one of the main goals in breeding research and modification of cultivars with higher resistance to salinity conditions under the influence of different hormonal treatments and planting patterns.