The second demographic transition in Europe and its implications for family policy in Iran(Theoretical controversies and empirical evidence)

The Western family has undergone serious changes since the 1950s, which are now known as the "second demographic transition." One of the most important explanations for these changes is the theory of “ideational shift” by Lesthaeghe and others that emphasizes the changes from materialist values to post materialist values as the main factor in what is considered “less family” and the continuation of these trends with the expansion of this set of values. But recent evidence shows that in Nordic Europe, which is in the vanguard of embracing post-materialist values, the "less family" has stalled and even reversed. But recent evidence shows that in Nordic Europe, which are in the vanguard of embracing post-materialist values, the "less family" has stalled and even reversed. Based on this evidence, alternative explanations such as "Gender Revolution" and "gender-egalitarian equilibrium" are presented with emphasis on structural and institutional conditions. Secondary analysis of the data of the fifth wave of the "Study of European Values" shows that the existing trends are more in line with these new theories. According to studies, the main reason for the change in trends in Northern Europe is the adaptation of family relationships and public policies to changing gender roles and the orientation of social policies to support the family and its adaptation to new structural and economic conditions. Policies referred to in this article as "Family Supportive-Adaptive Policies".