A review of some zoonotic diseases and the dangers of their transmission to humans by small ruminants

Zoonoses are infections naturally transmitted between species (sometimes by a carrier) from animals to other animal species or humans or from humans to animals. Zoonoses are so diverse that the purpose of this article is to provide a narrative overview of several zoonoses to raise awareness and prevent infection, as most zoonoses detected in sheep and goats are transmitted through close human contact with these animals. Some occupations mainly affect veterinarians' slaughterhouse workers. In the articles reviewed, we encountered cases where the disease was transmitted through forage, plants, and fertilizers; In some cases, contaminated water is problematic. Several outbreaks of illness have been reported after storms and floods, indicating that all relevant organs should be on alert after these events. Changes in human behavior in food processing, animal husbandry, and management may also affect future risks for human-animal disease. Monitoring measures, prevention, and limitation of further epidemics and the possibility of controlling the spread of the disease have been proposed. In this review study, clinical signs in animals and humans, several common zoonoses such as brucellosis, chlamydiosis, Q fever, orf virus, rift valley fever, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy are described as factors in choosing role control strategies.