A Review of the Effect of Metal Doped Titanium Dioxide on the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Due to limited fossil energy reserves and increasing energy consumption in the world, it is no longer possible to rely on existing energy sources. Therefore, the world's developed countries are looking for alternative sources to generate electricity. For this purpose, solar energy has been considered due to its advantages. Solar cells are produced in different ways in different generations. One of the essential parameters of solar cells is efficiency, cost, and stability. Third Generation Solar Cells (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells) are replacing the first and second generations with lower production costs and more accessible production methods. The problem with these cells is that they are less efficient and more stable than previous generations of solar cells. An important part of these cells is the photodiode, whose main task is to absorb light and collect the electrons produced. One of the most critical materials used as a photodiode is TiO2. The photodiode properties of TiO2 must be optimized to increase the efficiency of solar cells. One way to optimize the behavior of TiO2 is to use doping in its structure. Various materials are added to the structure of TiO2 as a dopant. In this review article, the behavior of TiO2 doped with metals is investigated.