Study on the Methods of Weight lightening of vaults in Historical Buildings

Iranian architecture is full of innovations and initiatives that have evolved over time and have succeeded in erecting sustainable buildings with a logic of static and balanced forces. It has succeeded in erecting stable structures with a static logic and balance of forces. The use of local materials along with the use of various methods and techniques of structures, has paved the way for Iranian architects to create unique and sustainable spaces.one of the most important tasks of architects and restorers is to review and analyze these methods. Undoubtedly, in order to enter the category of recognizing, preserving and restoring architectural heritage, it is necessary to first look at this great heritage with a scientific approach and then make a detailed analysis of the structure of the building.One of these techniques is weight lightening. This is achieved by using the geometry, proportions, experience and ingenuity of the architect. weight lightening in historical buildings was performed in different ways. In addition to reducing the weight of the building, it balances the forces on the load-bearing components, especially the arch, and provides more stability to the building. This study seeks to answer the questions of how weight lightening in historical buildings was carried out and in what ways, what role was played in the balance of forces in the building, and how it has been able to increase the useful life and make the building resistant to natural disasters. To find the answer, the present article is designed with the aim of examining, and recognizing, the method of stylistic benefits in traditional buildings, and then examines the various, weight lightening methods in terms of the form and manner of power transmission and impact on the building And manner of power transmission and impact on the building The method of qualitative research is based on descriptive, comparative, field studies and research of traditional masters. Finally, by using modeling by AutoCAD and TriDimax software and comparing different styles of styling, the article, has tried to present a typology of styling in traditional structural elements. Finally, various, weight-lightening methods, are identified in traditional buildings and it is understood that weight lightening leads to greater stability by reducing the weight of the structure and solving the thrust problems. It should be noted that this study does not include domes, domed arches and all-wood structures that are common in the Caspian climate of Iran.