A comparative study of urban and rural functions in Iran from the Nasserite era to the Constitutional Revolution (1324-1234 AH)

Different definitions and functions have been expressed for the village and the city as two important settlements in Iranian and Islamic culture. The village, for example, is a geographical area made up of individuals who often form a small social city relative to the city. Also, in addition to being more dependent on agriculture in terms of production and economy, over time, interactions in it have led to the discovery of collective and local memory, emotions, beliefs, customs and traditions that are the most important feature of their continuity. Permanent, massive, and relatively large individuals are considered to be socially heterogeneous and, from an economic point of view, are often associated with the production of goods and products as well as trade and commerce. Finally, cultural and intellectual diversity, the possibility of accepting new attitudes, cultural trade and variability of the characteristics of the city and urbanization are considered. At the general level, understanding the functions of urban and rural areas, and especially the dominance of each of them, is of special importance in historical studies due to its effects on various political and intellectual dimensions, etc. Meanwhile, the intertwining of Qajar Iran's relations with the West, in which the city and modern urbanization were considered as the basic foundations of all-round developments, comparative study of the functions of the village to understand the type of Iranian society facing issues such as modernization, attitudes. New political, economic, etc. as a research problem. Therefore, the present article tries to clarify aspects of the issue with a critical look and a descriptive-analytical approach.