Synthesis of Azo Dyes Based on Naphthols, Xanthenes, and Hydroxy Coumarins in the Presence of Nano-ZrO2-SO3H

In recent decades, organic dye chemistry has advanced greatly due to the use of dyes in various fields such as electronic devices, linear and nonlinear optics, printing and duplication, sensors and biomedical applications. In the present study, the synthesis of azo dyes based on naphthols, xanthenes and hydroxy coumarins in the presence of nano-ZrO2-SO3H catalyst was investigated. Avoid harmful solvents for the environment, mild conditions, high speed and short reaction time, simplicity of working up process; high efficiency and purity of the synthesized derivatives and recoverable catalyst utilization were the advantages of the proposed method. The structure of the synthesized compounds was determined by comparing their physical properties with reported and using IR and HNMR spectroscopy data.