The Major Challenges and Paradoxes of Secularism; A Theoretical Approach

Secularism or the separation of religion and morality from the public arena, politics, and government power in general, is influenced by the prevailing post-Descartes dichotomies, regardless of connections and relationships. In the realm of politics, which is the main topic of this paper, secularists emphasize the freedom of faith, the legal equality of religions, and the moral choices and neutrality of governments. It is claimed that this neutrality is due to the avoidance of religious and moral commitments and attachments to an area that can be detrimental to individual rights and civil liberties and equality. Secular governments are not against loyalty, but only loyalty to the government and its rules and regulations is promoted and allowed. How, and fundamentally, the alleged neutrality can be summed up in primary and secondary loyalty to the government is itself a serious question and paradox. The paradox of dualism hidden in secularism; That is, the duality of individual and social life, the paradox of transnational diversity and state unity, and the disregard for the conceptual relationship between God and man and his rights and capabilities as the basis for the justifiability of human rights, are major paradoxes of secularism.