Evaluation of the Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a collection of conditions that puts people at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

The present study aimed to evaluate the association of periodontal disease severity and its parameters with MetS in a group of northwestern Iranian patients.

The current study was conducted on 100 participants aged 25 - 78 (50 patients with MetS and 50 without MetS). Clinical and laboratory characteristics, periodontal components, including clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP), and the number of missing teeth were recorded. The differences between the two groups were evaluated by an independent sample t test.

The MetS group demonstrated significantly higher CAL, BOP, and missing teeth, which markedly increased by the number of MetS components. Nonetheless, the two groups did not reflect any difference in PD. Moreover, compared to participants without MetS, patients afflicted with MetS presented with more severe periodontal disease. Furthermore, CAL, BOP, and missing teeth were higher in patients with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity without dysglycemia than in the control group (P < 0.05).

MetS patients demonstrated more severe periodontal disease, and the number of MetS components increased the odds of the disease. In addition, higher periodontal parameters (except for PD) were detected in participants with MetS. Moreover, no considerable change was observed in the obtained results upon the elimination of diabetic patients.