Typology of historic farmsteads in hot and dry climates Relying on its physical and functional characteristics

Around cities such as Qom, Kashan, Isfahan and Yazd in the hot and dry climate of Iran has been the formation of countless historic farmsteads. This study has selected seven farmsteads named Surabad, Bala abbasabad, Gawart, Terazabad, Dulatabad, Nusratabad and Ghazi Bala for more detailed study. They have outstanding physical and functional characteristics and have been studied to identify different types of historic farmsteads. The main problem of the research is the lack of knowledge about different types of historical farmsteads in this climate. Misunderstanding about this can have a detrimental effect on protecting them. Now, a number of farmsteads in the provinces of Yazd, Qom, Isfahan and around Kashan and Niasar have been registered in the list of national monuments of Iran with other names and they are often being restored without full knowledge. This research raises two questions: 1. What effect do the physical and functional characteristics of farmsteads have on their Typology? 2. Historical Farmsteads in hot and dry climates can be divided into how many type? The aim of this research is to introduce the types of historical farmsteads in the central climate of Iran and field studies and document research in the context of historical documents and historical geography are the main forms of research along with the interpretive approach and historical interpretive strategy.This study, by examining the physical and functional characteristics of selected farmsteads, has used them as criteria for achieving classification in farmsteads. Features such as 1. Location and access system 2. Historical periodization 3. Establishment of physical elements 4. Structure, materials and decorations 5. Type of ownership 6. Approximate area 7. Type of crops and livestock products 8. Social and cultural characteristics have been proposed as classification criteria and according to these criteria, species such as 1. Goleie (Systemic( and Yaleie (Without order) 2. Qajar and Pahlavi 3. Agricultural castles and Agricultural Complexes 4. Luxurious and simple 5. Feudal& rural 6. Extensive and small 7. Winter and summer 8. Resident and uninhabited can be identified in farmsteads of hot and dry climate of Iran. This study shows that historic farmsteads can be categorized and sorted based on the type of characteristics that exist in them. Each characteristic, both physically and functionally, leads to the introduction of a species.