The Role of the Observer in Sharing Organizational Knowledge based on the Theory of Autopoiesis and Scientific Communication in the Cybernetics

Organizational scientific communication as the foundation of modern organizations has a great impact on the development of organizations and has been considered by researchers in the knowledge management cycle. Considering the role of communication and communication system as the most important assumption of cybernetics, this article with a cybernetic approach considers the evolution of knowledge in cybernetics according to the role of observer and considering the theory of autopoiesis by Maturana and Varla and Luhmann's scientific communication and examines the importance of this approach in sharing organizational knowledge by presenting the four philosophical foundations of cybernetics.

This article is a review that has been prepared by using the library method and reviewing theoretical sources and searching in the valid databases of Google Scholar, Magiran and Irandoc.

The findings indicate that all four cybernetic approaches are important in knowledge sharing and the peak of this importance can be seen in Luhmann's theory of scientific communication and the different role of the observer in each level of cybernetics is clear in the knowledge sharing, according to the autopoiesis theory.

Knowledge management is the basis of organizational knowledge due to its interdisciplinary nature; so it is necessary to consider knowledge sharing studies from the perspective of autopoiesis theory and Luhmann's scientific relationship in the cybernetics. The sharing of observer knowledge in social systems is one of the areas in which the fourth-order cybernetics is well crystallized and is a very good support for the scientific development of societies, which ultimately leads to their development.