Liberal Discourse Analysis of Forough Farrokhzad's Poem "Ali told His Mother One Day" based on Laclau and Mouffe's Discourse Theory

Liberalism, often referred to as the ideology of modern times, is one of the concepts that has influenced the social and political developments in Iran since the constitutional era, and we are witnessing its widespread emergence in literature. Discourse analysis is also a type of interdisciplinary study that analyzes words and leads to in-depth reading of literary works. Based on the theory of analysis of the discourse of Laclau and Mouffe, this research tries to show the details of liberal concepts in order to identify them in the contemporary period based on the poem "Ali told his mother one day" by Forough Farrokhzad. According to this theory, the main goal of the liberal discourse is to compete with the prevailing discourse to establish freedom and independence as the central signifier of this discourse, and also seeks to identify itself by articulating the floating implications of tradition-breaking and the struggle for freedom. This discourse finds its political subject by mythologizing the militant human being, who is the same fish and Ali who is the child within Forough Farrokhzad, and challenges the hegemony of the ruling discourse in order to establish its order in the ruling society. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the research data has been studied using content analysis method and library and document research method.