Camel; sedation, induction and maintenance of anesthesia; A review article

 Anesthetics are used for a variety of reasons, such as to minimize or eliminate pain, relax muscles and even to facilitate clinical examination and diagnostic procedures. like other ruminants in camels, most of the surgical interventions are performed with local anesthesia and sedative. Different anesthetic regimens in practice for other animals also hold true in the camel..the most common drugs used for premedication/ sedation in camels were xylazine, romifidine, detomidine, medetomidine, tramadol and butorphanol. For induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, the following drugs were used most commonly: propofol, ketamine, xylazine- ketamine, ketamine-romifidine-diazepam, medetomidine-ketamine, propofol-xylazine, propofol-xylazine-diazepam, tramadol-xylazine, medetomidine-ketamine, medetomidine-ketamine-butorphanol and midazolam-propofol. The drugs used to reverse the effects of analgesia were atipamezole and natrelexone. The objectives of this article were to review all scientific data regarding anaesthetic drugs and anaesthetic protocols used for pre-medication, sedation, induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the field was published 2008-2015.The effective doses and reported side effects were discussed.