The Embodiment of Moral Values in Instant Messengers as Sociotechnical Systems and Its Policy Implications

Why are some technology policies successful and some not? Although this question is directly addressed in science, technology and innovation policy, it can be deeply explored in the philosophy of technology as well. The aim of this article is to discuss this question regarding the problem of the value embodiment in technology. Of the relation between value and technology, it is no longer a question of whether technology embodies value or not, but of how it does. van de Poel has recently proposed an account of the embodiment to explain how AI systems as sociotechnical systems can embody moral values. Using his account, we try to answer particularly a question related to the first one but regarding domestic considerations: why are not the policies of developing domestic instant messengers and banning non-domestic ones successful in Iran?