The Inscribed Square: A Beautiful Problem in Geometry and Topology

The inscribed square problem, also known as the square peg problem or the Toeplitz’ conjecture, is an unsolved question in geometry: Does every plane simple closed curve contain all four vertices of some square? This is true if the curve is convex or piecewise smooth and in other special cases. The problem was proposed by Otto Toeplitz in 1911. Some early positive results were obtained by Arnold Emch and Lev Schnirelmann. As of 2022, the general case remains open. In this paper we give a brief survey of most important results in this respect.