The spatial analysis of the urban areas vulnerability with passive defense approach Case study: District 9 in the southwestern area of Mashhad

One of the prerequisites of urban planning is the identification and spatial analysis of vulnerable areas and neighborhoods exposed to military attacks in order to reduce the dimensions of life and financial losses. The appropriate implementation of such plans is based on the recognition and separation of high-risk areas from other areas. Therefore, the present study is aimed to achieve the effective criteria for reducing the vulnerability of neighborhoods in the district 9 of Mashhad based on the principles of passive defense and identification of the most vulnerable neighborhood in this area. To do this, four criteria of the population at risk, the accessibility to relief centers, the composition of urban context and the border of risky centers and 10 indices have been extracted as special theoretical basics of the research. All these criteria and indices have been evaluated and analyzed in urban planning. The research methodology is based on descriptive-analytical approach using the AHP model. Also, the SWAT technique has been used to achieve strategies. These strategies have been developed based on the principles of defense, downsizing, optimal scale, performance dispersion, optimal location, permeability and non-dependence of users. According to these studies, the neighborhoods of Kausar, Hafez, Honarestan, Shahrara, Iqbal, Rezashahr, Ab and Bargh, Sarafarazan, Nirohawai and Chaharcheshmeh are the most vulnerable neighborhoods from the passive defense aspects.