Stylistics of phonetic, grammatical and semantic deviations in Tawfik Zayyad’s poem “Bitter Sugar” on the basis of John Cohen’s theory

In stylistic studies, the phenomenon of deviation is considered as one of the most important phenomena that studies the poetic text as a language contrary to the usual and the ordinary. Therefore, this study has tried to investigate this stylistic phenomenon in the poetry of the most prominent poets of the Palestinian resistance, namely Tawfik Zayyad. This research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical way, intends to reveal the poetic aspects of one of her poems called Bitter Sugar in three layers of phonetic, syntactic and semantic de-familiarization. The results show that semantic de-familiarization was one of the most frequent forms in this poem where the poet was able to achieve an inspiring distant relationship between the signifier and the signified through the method of paradox and correspondence of the senses. But the effects of de-familiarization are manifested in the syntactic layer in the hysteron proteron and the difference between phrasal and noun phrases. This variety returns to the place, so if the text needs a spirit of anger and rebellion, use the present verbs that benefit movement and renewal to arouse the reader's emotions. But if the poet wanted to talk about the cultures of the Palestinians and their traditions and etiquette, he used the nominal sentences that indicate stability and immutability. The poet has used inspirational language to literaryize his language. The aesthetic purpose of each of these manifestations is to arouse surprise, influence and incitement to the reader.