Investigation of the Effect of Conditioned Media of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated with Ascorbic Acid on Proliferative Behavior of Breast Cancer Cells

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. Today, researchers are looking for new ways to treat cancer. One of the investigated approaches in the field of cancer is the use of stem cells. This study aimed to evaluate the proliferation and survival of 4T1 breast cancer cells in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) of mesenchymal stem cells treated with ascorbic acid (AA). Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-ADMSCs) and 4T1 breast cancer cells were used in this study. 4T1 cells were treated with different concentrations of AA and their viability was checked by MTT test. According to the results of previous studies and MTT test, 1 mM concentration was chosen to collect CM from h-ADMSCs. h-ADMSCs were divided into four groups: groups without FBS with and without AA (-FBS/± 1 mM AA) and groups containing 5% FBS with and without AA (5% FBS/± 1 mM AA). Then, the survival rate, colonization potential, cell cycle profile and apoptosis rate of 4T1 cells treated with different CMs were investigated. The results showed that CM in the -FBS/+AA group causes a decrease in the viability and proliferation of 4T1 cells compared to the -FBS/-AA group. Also, CM in the groups with FBS also showed similar results and the FBS/+AA group +5% decreased the survival and cell proliferation of 4T1 cells compared to the FBS/-AA+5% group. Also, CM caused changes in the cell cycle profile of 4T1 cells and their apoptosis rate in the studied groups. According to the results, it seems that ascorbic acid can decrease the survival and proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer cells by affecting the CM compounds obtained from h-ADMSCs.