A Study of the Philosophical and Mystical Foundations of the Theory of Love and Its Role in Existence (Case Study: Attar's Mystical Poems

Mystical ontology considers existence to have two outward and inward aspects, the outer and tangible shell of which is considered as an imaginary identity, which must be crossed and its interior and essence must be reached. According to Attar, love is the essence of existence, which is present in all particles and elements of existence. Intrinsic poverty and painful need provide the motivation, abilities and facilities needed to move beings towards perfection. Philosophers consider the instinct of love of nature as the cause of the perfectionism of beings, but mysticism, which is based on self-denial, considers love and pain as its cause and astonishment, bewilderment and perdition in the beloved as its end. Philosophers have interpreted this view of existence and its events in terms of the system. On this basis, God has acted in the best and most complete way in delivering every possible being to His existential end. The above issues are of great philosophical and mystical importance for research and analysis. In this research, with the help of library and analytical-descriptive method, the subject was studied from the perspective of mysticism philosophy. The conclution is that the more a creature has love and enlightenment, the closer would be to the real existence and the world of unity and the farther from the world of love. Pluralities and conflicts are closer and have less existence and luminosity.