Surveying of socio-cultural, institutional-organizational resilience in the city quarters of Zanjan

Socio-economic transformations and its metamorphoses in the some natural, environmental and sociological spheres  have reached to complex stage that epistemological reading of it needs to readout of the philosophical and  theosophy and literacy tradition on the lived and non-lived experience of communities at the length of history. The most important factor of this situation is the dialectic of change that twin of modernity that firstly it has been revealed in the context of the city. Modernity as the driving force of development has created the city- change foundation. Dialectical signification of change , is firstly the complexity of the situation and then multiple crisis that come down on city in other word disasters are concentrated in cities. Urban resilience paradigm is the provision of urban planning knowledge based on probabilities and growth of complexities. The theory of the resilience over the past four decades was developed to explain the sudden changes in socio- ecological systems. Resilience is the capacity of a system against the internal or external changes.   Urban resilience is the multi-dimensional and therefore we consider analyzing of interaction and strength and weakness and threats and opportunity points of various dimensions of city system an by the way finding of minimum, middle and maximum  optimum points in this debt. Olazabal and Chelleri have been reached  to this conclusion that in order to rising of resilience , cities have to  stepwise change about way of life, services, infrastructure, access to labor market and also organizational and commercial types.  Because of this in the literature about resilience, terms such as protective factors, adaptive reactions, results and principled mechanisms are understood.  resilience  Infrastructures of Zanjan city is  affected by both it's natural- absolute geography and by it's relative- human geography at the local and national level and scales. 

The logic of the research , of course, is deductive reasoning. For this purpose, first, the basic theory of urban resilience that has been proposed in recent years was considered. Then by explanatory- analytical method, the indicators of this theory have been used for experimental expression in the field of the research.

 Finally according to the evaluation of the average values of resilience from the sample areas can be said in fact there is downward trend in the rate of social  resilience respectively from the neighborhoods of Karmandan and Sabzehmeydan to the Engelab square to Amirkabir neighborhoods.  Descriptive analysis of the socio- cultural dimensions data of the resilience shows that the average resilience rate for all sample household is 97.42. this amount is equal to 152.067 for households of Karmandan, Sabzeh Meydan to Enghelab Square is 141.65 and Amirkabir is 139.72.  

Natural hazards are not considered as natural destructive phenomena in the first view. They repeatedly occur in the nature.   Today the most important  hazards include earthquake, flood, storm, tsunamis, drought , landslide, volcano etc. countries around the world considering different management methods to deal with different types of risks in order to be able to implement risk reduction program. Resilience approach in order to strengthen of  society capabilities and also reduce their vulnerability, promotes resilience of urban settlements . thus " analyzing and increasing resilience against natural disaster" has become more important and widespread area. So that currently discussed about simultaneous and reciprocal movement of sustainable development and disaster management toward increasing of  resilience. Accordingly the analysis and increase of resilience of human and environmental systems against natural disasters in order to achieve the goal of sustainable development has been particular importance.