A Review of ‘the Anthropological Foundations of the Psychological Theories – Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, and Humanism – Based on the Theory of Nature’: An Islamic

The view of a theorist in humanities about the human nature can influence his scientific findings. The naturalist-empiricist dispute has been one of the historical and lengthy discussions regarding the human\'s nature The present study aims at reviewing and investigating the anthropological foundations of three psychological schools, i.e. psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism, according to the theory of \'human nature\' and by relying on the religious doctrines. This study is a fundamental one and uses the method of content analysis. The findings of the study showed that the followings are among the most important anthropological foundations of theories in classical psychology: - \"The dominance of corporeal natural interpretation of the man\"; - \"The dominance of the positivist approach in interpretation of the man\"; - \"Interpreting the man on the basis of sensual self-foundation\" - \"The dominance of materialistic mechanical interpretation of the man\"; - \"The dominance of relying on empirical methodology in interpretation of the man\"; This study showed that the viewpoint of the existing psychological approaches about human being is a humanistic view based on the centrality of empirical reason, while the viewpoint of the naturalistic approach to human being is based on the standard of the perfect and healthy man and the reason connected to revelation Besides, this study showed that the concept of \"human nature\" in classical psychological theories refers to the \'instinct\' or the \'genetic\', which are meaningfully different from the related concept in Islamic texts.