Inflammatory Outcomes of COVID-19, Post-Complication Disorders, and Related Factors that Could Affect the Intensity of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has surrounded the world caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease is usually onset with symptoms like fever, cough, fatigue, respiratory problems, and loss of smell and taste. The majority of COVID-19 patients have mild or no symptoms, but a few demonstrate acute respiratory problems (ARDS) that can be life-threatening.

Authors searched English published articles in local and international journals over the period 2000 to 2022 using several databases including Scopus, PubMed, Scholar, and Science Direct. Then, the relevant articles were revised. During this period, different articles have been published, but we tried to choose and review articles that introduced effective data.

Some people show symptoms long after their negative PCR test called post-COVID-19 syndrome, which studies showed can last more than 12 weeks after infection. Other than the complications patients confront amid the period of COVID-19 infection, there is an accumulation of evidence regarding the delayed complications of COVID-19, including auto-immune outbreaks such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Guillain-Barre syndrome, Miller-Fisher syndrome, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), Autoimmune thyroid disease and also COVID-19 associated coagulopathies, have received remarkable attention since the early months of the pandemic. Microbiome changes in the gut and nasopharynx of patients with COVID-19 affect the severity of the disease, furthermore, some genes inherited from Neanderthals increase the severity of COVID-19.

COVID-19 infection, along with the immune suppression mechanism, has the potential to evoke destructive inflammation in the host. Clarifying the pathophysiology of the COVID‐19 injuries to the host could help to develop appropriate treatment.