Prompt and Aggressive Treatment of Deep Neck Infection in Neglected Diabetic Patient - A Case Report and Literature Review

Deep neck infection (DNI) is an infection that occurs in the deep neck fascia and spaces commonly found in diabetic patients. Impaired immune system due to hyperglycemic condition in diabetic patients leads to different clinical presentations, prognosis, and management and therapy in this group of patients.

We reported a case of deep neck infection and abscess in a diabetic patient that resulted in acute kidney injury and airway obstruction. We have done CT-scan imaging that supported the diagnosis of a submandibular abscess. Prompt and aggressive treatment of DNI with antibiotics, blood glucose control, and the surgical incision has exhibited a favourable outcome.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common comorbidity found among patients with DNI. Studies showed that hyperglycemia impaired bactericidal functions of neutrophils, cellular immunity, and complement activation. Aggressive treatment, including early incision and drainage of abscess, dental surgery to eradicate the source of infection, prompt, empirical antibiotic administration, and intensive blood glucose regulation, will result in favourable results without a prolonged hospital stay.