Lessons from medical ethics in Islam and Iran civilization (Second part: Transfer of medicine and ethics from ancient times to Islamic civilization)

Medical ethics is a long-lasting and deep-rooted heritage, and its foundations have all human knowledge and the teachings of divine prophets and the lives of sages and physicians, dating back as far as human history. The purpose of the study is to process the historical developments of medical ethics and to take instructive lessons from them. This review study was conducted by referring to a selection of valid and relevant articles. Analyzing the findings, establishing coherence and coordination between them, inferring ethical concepts and clarifying ambiguous cases, has been done with an analytical historiography approach. The severe limitation of resources is one of the factors affecting any type of study in the history of ancient medicine. In the subject of the study, two time periods "Ancient times before the appearance of Zoroaster and writing the Avesta"; and "the rise and fall of the Sassanids until the rise of Islam", has been reviewed. In practice, the desired findings and evidence from the ancient times to the founding period of Jundishapour University, including the activity period of this great civilizational institution to the period before the advent of Islam, were reviewed; and highlights related to moral values and developments, were gathered and, based on the historical periods are presented. Ethics is at the heart of the holy profession of medicine and its cognate and companion, as an ancient knowledge, throughout time and current and as a soul in the body of time, it is always life-giving and still alive and dynamic and playing a role.