Studying the effect of type of solution and immersion depth of ultrasonic probe on the thickness of graphene nanosheets produced in liquid phase with ultrasonic probe

One of the common methods of producing two-dimensional layers is the use of exfoliation in the liquid phase by the physical method of using an ultrasonic probe. In this research, graphene layers were produced using an ultrasonic probe in different liquid medium. In order to obtain the optimal conditions for the production of two-dimensional graphene from graphite powder by shelling in the liquid phase under ultrasound radiation, the simulation of the distribution of ultrasonic pressure in the solution and the calculation of the pressure difference were performed using COMSOL software. This simulation was done for an ultrasonic probe with a working frequency of 20 kHz for a probe with a diameter of 22 mm in order to calculate the difference in sound pressure inside the solution with changes in the immersion depth of the probe. Then, the condition that shows the greatest pressure difference was studied in the experimental work to investigate the effects of immersion depth under ultrasound radiation in producing the amount and thickness of graphene layers. As expected from the simulation results, the experimental results showed that the amount of graphene production increases with the increase of the acoustic pressure difference in the solution. The results obtained with UV-visibl, FESEM, TEM and Raman spectrum show that with the solution obtained from the combination of water-ethanol, the density of graphene layers with thickness less is more possible. In addition, the immersion depth of the probe plays a significant role in producing the amount and number of graphene layers.