Optimal charging planning of electric vehicles for congestion management in electrical distribution networks

Today, electric vehicles have been significantly considered due to the lack of air pollution. However, due to the large volume of vehicles in the city, connecting them to the distribution network without a control program may cause congestion in the network lines and substations. Therefore, a bi-level hierarchical method for connecting electric vehicles to the distribution network to coordinate services and performance constraints of the three main elements, namely fleet operator, distribution system operator, and capacity market operator in the presence of vehicle owners and taking into account driving requirements, charging and compaction costs of power lines and transformers are recommended. In this method, first car owners and fleet operators present their charging program to the distribution system operator according to the predicted market prices. In the next step, if this charging program leads to congestion in the lines or substations and power transformers, it is returned to the fleet operators and the shadow price is determined by the capacity market operator based on the congestion status. Then the new charging program is dispatch according to the new market prices. The proposed method is implemented in a sample distribution network and the simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed method.