Controversial contexts of change in Iran in the second half of the nineteenth century Early twentieth century; How and consequences

Iran in the second half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century was under the influence of global discourses and regions such as; Genetics and medicine, Darwinism, communism, nationalism and Islamism. All these discourses were going on in Iran in some way. In addition, in the heart of these discourses and Iran's confrontation with the West, sexuality and biopolitics in the new era also dominated this field. The period had created challenges and contexts of conflict between the representatives of thought, government and the public sphere, which can also be referred to as the period of conflict. Meanwhile, the rule of law and constitutionalism, sexuality, and the understanding of civilization from the West had led to long and endless conflicts. The main purpose of this text is to look at these three conflicts and to explain a model of the current situation of that period, which has continued later in the contemporary history of Iran. Achieving a categorization or theoretical and historical models of the situation in Iran, especially in this period, can help to understand and perspective the future, so that academic researchers, as is customary in the West, can extract new interpretations and models of these historical periods in Iran. The purpose of this text is in this direction. The results of studies show that while many challenges and related texts exist in a chaotic manner in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Iran, they can be achieved in a variety of practical patterns.