Typology of the differences between the Sahaba and Amsar Masahef and their influence on the creation of readings

The Masahef of the Sahaba differed from each other in matters such as the order of the Surahs in the Masahef, the number of Surahs, the names of the Surahs, the use of different dialects, the placement of synonyms instead of the original Qur’anic words, and the addition of explanatory additions by some of the Sahaba. These differences were somewhat natural; because the Sahaba had prepared their Masahef for personal use; However, after the death of the Holy Prophet ( PBUH) and the general Muslims following the Sahaba in reciting the Qur’an, the differences of the Sahaba were brought to the level of society and reached their peak during the Caliphate of Othman. In order to avoid disputes, Othman compiled Masahef as standard Masahef and sent them to important Islamic cities, which became known as Masahefe Amsar. However, due to reasons such as the existence of differences in the Masahef Amsar and the primitiveness of the Arabic script, the reading differences did not stop and even increased. The narrations transmitted by Othman regarding the presence of tone in the Masahef and the narrations transmitted by Ayesha regarding the complaint about the way some words are written in the Masahef showed the existence of differences in the Masahef from the beginning. The differences in the Masahefe Amsar are: the addition and subtraction of Hamzah, the addition and subtraction of “A”, the addition and subtraction of “v”, the addition and subtraction of “L”, the addition and subtraction of “F”, the addition and subtraction of “E”, the difference in punctuation and signs changing the letter to the same gender and changing some words. The present research has shown with a descriptive-analytical method that only a few cases of differences in dialects from the time of the Sahaba have remained in the Masahef and most of the differences in the Masahef of the Sahaba have been resolved with the Tawhid Al- Masahef. On the other hand, the differences between the Masahefe Amsar have been the most important factor in the creation of reading differences and have continued until today