Analysis of the nature of exchange guarantee in Iranian law, Imami jurisprudence and French law

Upon delivery of the goods to the buyer , the exchange guarantee or the risk of loss or damage is transferred from the seller to the buyer, but before handing over , despite the transfer of ownership ,this guaranteeremains the responsibility of the seller. The obligation of the seller to deliver the goods is one of the provision of the contract,and with its disappearance,the seller,s obligation is lost,and the survival of buyer,s obligation to pay the price is contraryto their common wishes ,because the transfer of ownership alone does not fulfill his expectation and is in line with the spirit of the contract .it is contradictory. The terms of exchange guarantee1.the subject of the contract of sale must be the same thing2.the damage must be before delivery3.the damage must be due to an external accident. Various theories have been put forward to justify this rule ,which is known as the loss of the seller before receipt ,which has different practical effects.by evaluating these theories ,this article seeks to find a legal basis that is appropriate to the nature of the said rule.