Qasr Prayer Being Azimah (Obligation) or Rukhsah (Concession) from the Viewpoint of Comparative Jurisprudence

In the rulings of the religion of Islam, there is no decree to put Muslims in hardships, and wherever this is the case, God has placed openness and comfort in it to be bearable, from among them we can point out shortening of prayer of the traveler. The jurists of the Five Islamic Schools of Thought agree on the legitimacy of Qasr Prayer while traveling and that it is specific to four-rak‘ah prayers, but they disagree on the description of this legitimacy, whether the Qasr prayer during travel is Azimah (Obligation) or Rukhsah (Concession)? In other words, is it obligatory for the traveler to perform the Qasr prayer, or it is optional for him to choose between the broken prayer and the complete prayer? Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the sayings and evidences of each denomination regarding the obligation or non-obligation of Qasr prayer while traveling. Examining the jurisprudential opinions and sources of the schools of thought indicates that jurists of Imamiyyah and Hanafiyyah, based on verse 184 of Surah Al-Baqarah, various traditions, and consensus, are of the opinion that the Qasr prayer must be performed, and on the other hand, schools of Malikiyyah, Shafi‘iyyah, and Hanbaliyyah, based on verse 101 of Surah Al-Nisa’, traditions, and consensus, believe that it is permissible not compulsory.