Neuroprotective Effects of Sertoli Cells in Movement Disorders

As a specialized organ consisting of complex tubules with different functional parts, the mammalian testis has evolved specifically to produce sperm and male sex hormones. Each of these functional parts consists of specialized cells whose functional units, the seminiferous tubules, are located within a network of loose connective tissue and interstitial cells. In seminiferous tubules, the epithelium is compartmented due to the presence of unique somatic cells called Sertoli cells. These cells, which contain cytoplasmic bundles, are essential for testicular formation and spermatogenesis and surround the spermatogonia all the way to the central lumen of the fallopian tubes. Many factors are synthesized and secreted by these cells, including proteins, growth factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and key enzymes. Sertoli cells have a high therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological diseases due to their immunity and resistance to immune system reactions, and secretion of nutritional and anti-inflammatory agents. These cells outside the testis have the ability to provide immune protection for connective tissues, increase cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and survive for long periods that are non-toxic to the central nervous system if transplanted into the brain and therefore are regarded as a good cellular source for transplantation.

Cell transplantation, nowadays, has been introduced as a promising way to cure debilitating neurological diseases. In this review study, the role of Sertoli cells in the treatment of movement disorders of the central nervous system is discussed.