Comparing the Performances of the Female Translators from New and Old Generations in Translating Taboo Words and Investigating the Effect of Culture on their Performances

 Language is the most important means of communication in human societies. Language uses for different needs. Sometimes it has a positive and negative meaning. Therefore, in linguistics, language is considered a double-edged sword that needs using with awareness. Translating taboo phrases and words is one of the most difficult types of translations. In translating taboo words, the translator require paying attention to ideology, culture, norms and religion considerations. In the field of taboo translation, there are different views among researchers, linguists and theorist. One group believes that taboo words or expressions are untranslatable, the other has proposed solutions. Iranian women and girls have always respected moral and cultural principles of society. The change of lifestyle, the development of technology, global communication and their education and awareness have had a significant impact on their life over the past years until today. Since these changes and transformations may also affect the style and context of writing and translation, this research has investigated two groups of female Sunni translators between the years (1351-1361) and (1371-1381) to Evaluate and compare the methods used when facing taboo words or phrases.

Background of the study:

 The dynamics of language and culture play a significant role in the life of societies. The beauty of literary texts is based on the use of cultural elements that show the values, beliefs, and convictions of any culture. In translation studies, culture plays a key role, since language originates from it. Culture and cultural elements are among the untranslatable features of the source language. They make a translator in trouble. To understand these cultural elements, the translator must be aware of the meta-linguistic knowledge of the target language. Moreover, the cultural gap between the two languages is major problem. During the process of socialization, a person gets to know the norms. According to Toury, "norms are not absolute social and cultural phenomena, they might be abandoned at some point, so other phenomena will replace them. The act of translation is also a social and cultural behavior that is based on norms" (Khazaei and Ghazizadeh, 2014, p 94). 

 The statistical population of this research consists of two groups of female translators. The first group consists of 12 female translators between the years (1351-1361) who have graduated from the English language translation course during the past years. The second group includes 12 female translators between the years (1371-1381) who have graduated or are still studying in this course. In this research, Khosh saliqeh, Ameri & Mehdizadkhani (2018) classification of taboo translation strategies used as a theoretical framework. All the participants gave a week to translate the sentences given to them carefully. Those participants who did not live in Sari received the selected sentences in WhatsApp, and the participants who lived in Sari received sentences in printed format at the Islamic Azad University of Sari, and translation institutes

 According to the findings of this study, both groups of translators have been influenced by the culture and norms of Iranian society. The results of this research show that female translators born between the years (1371-1381) were more familiar with the translation solutions of taboo words than female translators between the years (1351-1361). According to the findings of this study, female translators between the years (1371-1381) used the maintenance and substitution method more and female translators between the years (1351-1361) used deletion method more.