Anton Bara's Views of Imam al-Husayn's Movement

There arw many non-Muslim thinkers who paid special attention to various aspects of Imam al-Husayn's movement. One of such thinkers is the Christian Anton Bara. According to his views, the movement had two causes, ie, public deviation from the Right Path, and Divine will, both of which may map on Shii views. However, he seems not to have enough attention to such main causes as Yazid's imposition of Imam al-Husayn's official recognition of his political rule, the Kufans' mass correspondence with Imam al-Husayn, and bringing cinvincing arguments. Hence according to Bara, the aims of Imam al-Husayn's martyrdom can be limited to safeguarding Islam from deterioration and contamination, and withstanding against tyranny. In addition to disclosing the tyrants' real character, the building of the Islamic state and government was another major aim of Imam al-Husayn.