Plants Today Drugs Tomorrow: Cordia grandicalyx A Possible Future Anti-Hypoglycaemic?

Lowering blood glucose levels by enhancing glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation is an important strategy in glucose homeostasis in insulin-sensitive tissues. Similarly, traditional medicinal plants are used by several traditional healers, and plants are a possible avenue for the discovery and development of antidiabetic drugs. The study aimed to investigate the effects of Cordia grandicalyx Oberm.  bark, fruit, and leaf extracts through glucose uptake activity by preadipocytes, liver and skeletal muscle cells, relative to their capability on increasing GLUT4 translocation. In addition, the protein expression and phosphorylation of diabetes-related proteins were performed. The C. grandicalyx extracts increased glucose uptake activity by enhancing GLUT4 translocation. Moreover, it was established that the co-usage of insulin with plant extracts increased the glucose uptake activity in comparison to insulin. The extracts upregulated total insulin receptor substrate expression and increased the phosphorylation of Akt levels. This data, therefore, suggests that C. grandicalyx enhances glucose uptake by modulating insulin signalling, potentially through GLUT4 translocation and upregulation of diabetes-related proteins, possibly mimicking the PI3-K/Akt pathway. This, therefore, suggests that C. grandicalyx is a possible candidate for the management of diabetes.