Risk Assessment of pedestrian Red-light Violations through surrogate safety measures

Pedestrian red light violation is one of the crucial causes of pedestrian crashes at urban intersections, which cause considerable injuries and casualties to this vulnerable road group every year. The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of pedestrian-vehicle collisions by clustering the pedestrians' redlight violations using surrogate safety measures. The present study utilized surveillance camera footage for the purpose of collecting data on pedestrians' red light violations at two urban intersections in Babol city. Based on the critical thresholds of post-encroachment time (PET), time to collision (TTC), and gap time (GT), the Chi-means algorithm identified three different risk levels of violations. Moreover, structural equation models were developed for each of the risk levels based on the variables influencing the variables of humans, environment, road, and vehicles. Lastly, an initial framework regarding the promotion of traffic safety culture was proposed with emphasis on the human factor due to its greater influence.