Analysis of State and Activity Aspect in Kalhori Kurdish (Based on Phasal Approach)

Based on the phasal approach of Croft (2012), the present research has analyzed state and activity aspects in Kalhori. According to Croft's (2012) classification of aspect types, there are four types of transitory state, inherent permanent state, acquired permanent state, and point state in Kalhori language. Activity aspects are divided into two types of direct and undirect aspects. The results showed that the common feature of the four state aspects in Kalhori is that their profiled phase is punctual in the qualitative dimension, and the aspects differentiate in the expansion and extent of their profiled phase in the time dimension. The profiled phases of the activities are expanded in both time and quality dimensions, in this sense, they are different from state apects. In addition, the phasal analysis determined the difference between direct and indirect activity aspects in such a way that in the direct activity aspect there is a continuous change along the quality dimension, but such a situation in the indirect activity aspect is not observed. Finally, it is concluded that phasal analysis can provide an appropriate explanation of the differences and characteristics of lexical aspects, especially two types of state and activity aspects in Kalhori Kurdish.