The Actus Reus of Crime of Aggression in Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court considering Amendments of Kampala Review Conference

The Rome Statute authorized the International Criminal Court to exercise jurisdiction over crimes of aggression. In the first Review Conference of the Rome Statute in 2010, the crime of aggression and its elements were delineated and identified with the goal of protecting world peace. The present study explored the Actus Reus of the crime of aggression based on the latest amendments to ICC's Statute. The gravity and broadness of the acts of aggression mean that committing such crimes occurs through special arrangements and conditions. The crime of aggression refers to a series of actions called war management. The aggressors are convicted of this crime when specific conditions are met. At first, there is planning and then military supplies and equipment are procured, which leads to a planned attack by the military leaders. Once the act of aggression and territorial occupation is completed, the last step is war management. The Actus Reus of the crime of aggression in ICC's Statute includes the planning, procurement, initiation, and execution of the act of aggression. These are undertaken by political and military leaders in a position effectively to exercise control over or to direct the action of a state The actions must be intended for an act of aggression and are deemed violations of the UN Charter given their nature, intensity, and extent.