Sayyid Qutb’s Logic in the Unity Study of the Suras of the Qur’an

Among the most important issues of the knowledge of the philosophy of religion in its general sense is rational activity in the direction of rationality and justification of the main components and teachings of religion and their compatibility with each other. The Holy Qur’an, as the most important religious source for us Muslims, made a commendable effort to create a rational insight in Muslims. According to Islam, there is an inseparable conjunction between reason and religion. This rationality exists in the theme and content and in the method of presenting topics in the Qur’an. The Qur’an’s method in presenting topics is very logical and remarkable. Scholars have been discussing the order and logic of the content in suras under the title of appropriateness of the verses for a long time. Recent scholars have discussed the coherence of the suras under the title of purposive science. Sayyid Qutb, among others, emphasizes the leading and main theme as the factor of unity and coherence of the surahs, and before entering into the interpretation of the surahs, he explains the general structure and expresses the central theme of the surah. However, he does not specify what method and reading he uses to identify the purpose of the surah, for this reason, it is not possible to analyze and evaluate his ideas regarding the coherence of the surahs. Since Sayyid Qutb’s ideas have been the reference of many subsequent researchers, it is very necessary to identify the evidences used by him and then analyze and evaluate them. For this purpose, in this article, with the textual analysis of Sayyid Qutb’s writings in the introduction to the interpretation of each of the hundred and fourteen surahs of the Qur'an in the interpretation of “Fi Zilal al-Qur'an”, to identify, describe and evaluate the indications used by Sayyid in discovering the cohesive factor of the surahs. The results of the research show that Sayyid Qutb uses several rules that fall into the three general: structural, intra-Qur'anic and extra-Qur'anic indications, and most of them are approved and some are controversial. It was also found that if Sayyid had focused on the central purpose of the surah instead of the main topic and had put all the approved indications in all the surahs on time and left the disputed indications aside, his ideas would have contributed to the coherence of the suras was more sophisticated and was less challenged.