Critical comparison of Yuval Noah Harari's theory of "imaginary realities" with Allamah Tabatabai's theory of "credible perceptions"

Yuval Noah Harari narrates the adventurous history of man from a naturalistic point of view. On this basis, he deals with the fundamental issues of religion, politics, and economy. Before putting forward the history of these three human cultural achievements, Harari establishes a principle that is the core of his theory. That principle is his special point of view about "the emergence of social-contractual concepts and its function in human cultural development". With this principle, Harari considers the essence of religion, that is, the existence of God, to be an "imaginary" concept and a "credible" matter. Therefore, his theory carries atheistic views. The present article is a critique regarding only Harari's principle of "imaginary realities"; therefore, the problems related to religion and the studying the different arguments for existence of God, God's relationship with the world, the problem of good and evil, which are proposed in Harari's works with a materialistic approach, are not addressed, and the discussions are confined to various answers of the theological institutions of valid religions. According to this article, which is compiled by a descriptive and analytical method and using library sources, there are real principles and credit matters in all the three mentioned issues, and the primary principle of Harari is disputed from two aspects of epistemology and anthropology by Allameh Tabatabai's credit theory.