Synthesis of 32 Layered Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheet with Carbon-Defects via of Sono-Solvothermal Route for Removal of Ciprofloxacin from Water, Study of Kinetics and Adsorption Isotherm

In this research, 32 layered reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with carbon-defects, as a nano-adsorbent, were designed through the one-pot sono-solvothermal method. The properties of this nano-adsorbent were determined using various analyses such as XRD, Raman, FESEM, 3D analysis, TEM, EDS, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy analyses. The results revealed that rGO nanosheets well formed during sono-solvothermal process due to the efficient reduction of graphene oxide. So that, according to the results of Raman analysis, the reduction of GO to rGO as well as the creation of structural defects were confirmed. Besides, in view of the UV-Vis upshots, it was observed that a shoulder peak around 300 nm of graphene oxide spectrum, belong to the electrons transition from n to π* of C=O band which is existed in the functional groups, was disappeared in the rGO spectrum. This nano-adsorbent was evaluated in the elimination of the ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone antibiotic) as a model pollutant of emerging contaminants category. On the basis of experimental outcomes, the maximum adsorption efficiency of ciprofloxacin antibiotic was obtained by rGO (98.9%) during 120 min. Moreover, the study of adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption process is consistent with the Friendlich adsorption isotherm.