Effect of mesenchymal stem cell derived from amniotic membrane by Co-culture method on the expression of some genes associated with Alzheimer's disease in neural progenitor cell under the treatment of scopolamine

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive destruction of behavioral and cognitive functions. Various therapies have been tested to improve or at least effectively change the course of AD. In recent years; stem cell therapy has emerged as a hopeful potential treatment for Alzheimer's. Stem cells can differentiate into various types of cells, including brain cells, potentially replacing damaged cells and improving cognitive function.

In the present study we investigated the inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from amniotic membrane (AM-MSCs) on neural progenitor cells (NPC) treated with Scopolamine.

NPC cell was provided by the Iranian Biological Resource Center. To expose these cells to Alzheimer's situations, scopolamine (0.05 mg/ml) treatment has been used. The inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the amniotic membrane was evaluated by using the co-cultivation method. The expression of amyloid beta (Aβ), TERM2, Tau, and ABCA7 genes, was assessed in NPC cells co-cultivated with AM-MSC by Real-time PCR. After the Co-culture of AM-MSC and NPC cells for 72 hours, we evaluated the expression of BDNF and CHAT protein in Co-cultured NPC cells by immunocytochemical test.

Results of Real-time PCR and Immunocytochemistry showed that in Co-culture of AM-MSC with NPC decreased Aß, TREM2, and Tau gene expression and increased ABCA7 expression. As well, the expression of BDNF and CHAT protein enhanced.

AM-MSCs have attracted much consideration. MSCs have the capability of immune regulation, regeneration, and neuroprotection These cells are a potential candidate for cell therapy due to their easy accessibility and compliance with ethical issues.