Assessing allelopathic potential: Boreava orientalis impact on Triticum aestivum

Waxy-leaved mustard (Boreava orientalis Jaub. and Spach.) is an invasive species recently reported in Kurdistan province in western Iran with allelopathic properties. To evaluate the effect of the extract of different parts of waxy-leaved mustard on wheat germination, an experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran. The allelopathic potential of waxy-leaved mustard's root, leaf, stem, and flower were evaluated, and secondary metabolite compounds were identified. Effect of Alcohol extracts at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of roots, leaves, stems, and flowers of waxy-leaved mustard were evaluated on wheat germination Indicators. Increasing extract concentration significantly increased the inhibition of seed germination and caused a decrease in germination rate, reduction of stem length, and reduction of seed vigor index. Alcoholic extracts of waxy-leaved mustard flowers had significantly more effect compared to the alcoholic extracts of roots, even at the lowest concentration (1%). The results of this study show that waxy-leaved mustard has a strong allelopathic potential, which emphasizes the importance of reducing its allelopathic effects and developing effective management strategies for mitigating invasion risk and thereby protecting crops like wheat.