A Review of the Most Important Methods for Severe Plastic Deformation of Titanium

In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted on severe plastic deformation based on suitable processes for sheets and solid materials. Considering the limitations in some properties and crucial applications of titanium metal, these methods are considered intriguing avenues for enhancing the efficiency of this practical metal. Therefore, efforts have been made to investigate and develop effective severe plastic deformation processes for producing titanium samples. Severe plastic deformation is widely recognized as the primary method for producing ultrafine and nanostructured materials with high strength and hardness. This study focuses on exploring the most recent methods in this family suitable for producing nanostructured titanium samples with ultrafine grains. Furthermore, the study assesses the impact of several key severe plastic deformation methods on titanium properties, comparing them based on the advantages and disadvantages of these methods from both processing and property perspectives.

In this regard, in recent years, severe plastic deformation methods have been introduced and extensively studied. In this research, by examining and reviewing the latest studies related to the advantages and disadvantages of threemethodssimple shear extrusion, accumulative roll bonding, and equal channel angular pressing, the following results have been obtained :
All past research indicates that these three methods have a significant and positive impact on the mechanical properties of titanium metal. These positive effects show an increasing acceleration up to a certain number of passes and then reach a saturation point.
Temperature, speed, and appropriate processing are three fundamental and important factors concerning severe plastic deformation of titanium metal.
Some studies suggest that pure titanium metal can also be processed at room temperature using methods of severe plastic deformation.
The frequency of using these methods in relation to titanium metal and its alloys includes methods such as ECAP, accumulative roll bonding, and simple shear extrusion, respectively.
A noticeable weakness in most studies conducted on processed titanium using severe plastic deformation methods is the lack of investigation into the biocompatibility properties of titanium concurrently with its mechanical properties after the process.
6. It can be almost stated that in none of the studies conducted on severe plastic deformation methods, a specific industrial output has been introduced, and it remains at the level of research work.