The What is "Presumption" and Its Role in Recognizing and Validating the Fundamental Proposition Based on the Philosophical Foundations of Allameh Mesbah

The fundamentals, as a foundation for all theoretical knowledge, has always been and still is the focus of epistemologists. The criterion of truth, however, in such cases is the focus of this attention. Prof. Misbah guarantees their truth by referring to the knowledge by presence and claiming that our knowledge of these propositions is by presence, we have presence awareness of the referring, the referred and the reference. The theory of establishing the fundamentals on knowledge by presence is based on some principles lacking attention to them, it will be difficult to understand it and face problems. Among these basics would be the what of the world of presumption and the how to know it. This article, using a librarian way of gathering data, first explains the main problem and the brief answer of Allameh Misbah with a descriptive-analytical method, and then explains Allameh's answer with an analytical method, and in the meantime, it tries to understand the what of assumption and clarify how it is realized in connection with construction of the fundamentals and theirs validity. The result of this research is that fundamentals, with the same famous definition, are of same nature as truth propositions, and the nature of these cases and their world of reference are mental assumptions, not the external world, and they do not refer to real case in the external world, and, lacking any real case, are also true. In other words, the referred case of these propositions is simply the relationship that we find between the presumption of the reference for the concept of the subject and the predicate. Since the place of assumption is also the world of mind and we find the connection of mental assumptions directly in these propositions, this understanding is present; In other words, in addition to the intuitive awareness of the referring as mental concepts, we know the referred cases of these propositions and, as a result, their matching with their referred cases also.