A Proposal of a Design for the Bionic Hand: Describing the Integration, Motor Controlling System, Stereognosis, and Proprioception Sensory Feedback Components

Despite recent advancements in bionic upper limb prostheses technology, the rejection rate by users remains unacceptably high. Various factors contribute to this issue, such as limited functionality, complex control mechanisms, and discomfort, with most of these concerns being documented solely through self-assessment surveys. In this article, we introduce our proposed four components for an integrated bionic hand aimed at making it closely resemble a natural hand. These components i nclude an integrated intramedullary stem, a kineticomyographic motor control system, sensory feedback for stereognosis, and sensory feedback for proprioception. Level of evidence: V