Comparison of predicted protein sequences of the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene family in some of the oil seed crops

The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of protein-predicted sequences within the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD) gene family across various oilseed crops, such as cotton, soybean, rapeseed, and corn. Twenty-five omega-3 FAD genes were distinguished by the removal of similar sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the omega-3 FAD gene family was detected. Omega-3 FAD gene information, and physical parameters including the number of amino acids, chromosome locations, exon count and etc. were obtained. The results showed that the average length of the proteins encoded by the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase proteins was 388.58 amino acid. The molecular weights of these proteins ranged from 22.2 to 51.3 kDa. The phylogenetic tree divided the omega-3 FAD proteins into five clades. Clade 2 comprises the smallest number of omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene members, whereas clade 1 encompasses the highest number of members. We identified five pairs of orthologous genes among the omega-3 FAD genes and identified a total of twenty distinct conserved motifs. Four of these motifs were associated with encoding the FAD domain, while an additional four were related to the DUF3474 domain. Undoubtedly, characterizing these FADs could offer valuable candidate genes for enhancing new oilseed varieties.